FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to the design and construction of vapor-liquid contacting apparatus. The invention therefore relates to apparatus used within gas scrubbing columns or fractional distillation columns to, for example, perform separations of volatile chemical compounds.

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Tute of Chemical Engineers (Design of Gas Absorption Systems). Steinmeyer, P.E., M.A., M.S. Distinguished Fellow, Monsanto Company. (retired); Fellow, American Institute of Chemical Engineers; Member, American Chemical Society. (Phase Dispersion ). Penney, Ph.D., P.E. Professor of Chemical Engineering. Jul 28, 2010. If anybody has the copy of the following books please upload it. Distillation tray fundamental. (pressed by cambridge university) 2. Ballast tray design manual. (glitsch bulletin 4900). Industrial distillation column performance data have not been widely available for the backcalculation of efficiencies or for the verification of efficiency prediction methods. The flooding factor Ff was calculated for each tray using the Glitsch Ballast Tray Design Manual (1979) method.

The invention specifically relates to apparatus used as fractional distillation or contacting trays. Fluid Flow And Heat Transfer In Wellbores Pdf Files there. PRIOR ART Vapor-liquid contacting trays are used in gas scrubbing or treating columns to remove a specific contaminant such as hydrogen sulfide. One specific type of vapor-liquid contacting tray is the fractional distillation tray. These trays are widely employed in the hydrocarbon processing, chemical, and petrochemical industries. Accordingly, a large amount of research, development, and creative thinking has been devoted to providing improved vapor-liquid contacting trays and especially fractionation trays. Entire texts are devoted to the subject.

Fractionation tray development has therefore provided many variations in contacting area structure, downcomer design, and overall tray structure. 3,410,540 issued to W. Bruckert is believed pertinent for its showing of the structure of a prior art 'multiple downcomer' tray employing the highly distinctive downcomer design similar to that employed in the subject tray. This reference illustrates alternative downcomer designs and possible variations for sealing the downcomer outlet. 5 shows serpentine bracing means located within the downcomers (column 14, line 17).

The use of 'anti-jump' baffles located above the inlet to downcomer is known in the art as illustrated by FIG. 10 in the ballast tray design manual issued by Glitsch Incorporated (Bulletin No. 4900--fourth edition, copyright 1974). 4,028,191 issued to N. Scott is believed pertinent for its showing of a fractionation tray design in which vertical baffles descend from the lower surface of an upper fractionation tray.

The baffles are employed on a cross-flow tray and oriented perpendicular to liquid flow across the tray. The baffles do not extend downward to the upper surface of the next lower tray. Most trays have circular perforations evenly distributed across the contacting surface (decking) of the tray. These allow the rising vapor to flow straight upward from the tray's surface. A smaller subset of fractional distillation trays utilize mechanical means such as small 'slot' in the tray surface for directing the vapor in a specified direction as it passes upward through the contacting area of the tray. 3,282,576 to W.

Bruckert et al. Is believed pertinent for its showing of a cross flow tray having a receiving pan and a bubble promoting device. The reference also teaches that slots may be placed across the surface of a sieve-type liquid gas contacting tray to promote the flow of liquid across the tray without the aid of liquid gradients. 3,417,975 to B.